Primary research interest

RNA virus diversity and evolution, connecting viral genetics with host immunity to guide vaccine and RNA design.

About me

I am a molecular virologist and bioinformatician who combines experimental virology, reverse genetics, phylogenetics and high-throughput sequencing to understand RNA virus evolution, host range and immune evasion. I completed my PhD at The University of Queensland studying mosquito viromes and Wolbachia–virus interactions (with Prof. Sassan Asgari), and in 2021 I joined Prof. Alexander Khromykh’s RNA Virology Laboratory.

A central focus of my work is virus discovery and experimental characterisation across diverse hosts. This includes the identification and validation of multiple novel viruses using cell culture systems and molecular virology approaches. My research integrates virus discovery and evolutionary genomics with mechanistic studies in relevant model systems, including PC3 pathogens (JEV, SARS-CoV-2 and WNV), to identify host and viral determinants of replication and pathogenesis. I also use phylogenetics and comparative genomics to support in silico antigen design for vaccine development. In 2026, I commenced my ARC DECRA Fellowship investigating how modified nucleotides shape RNA structure, innate immune sensing, and performance in next-generation RNA technologies, particularly self-amplifying RNA platforms.

Research focus and collaborations

My research spans four connected themes:

  • Host–virus interactions: understanding how RNA viruses adapt across hosts and how innate immune and RNAi pathways shape infection outcomes.
  • Virus evolution and diversity: discovering and characterising novel viruses across under-sampled hosts and environments, and applying comparative genomics to define evolutionary constraints, host associations, and emergence potential.
    Particular interest in Orthoflavivirus evolution and diversity and influenza evolution and diversity.
  • Reverse genetics and experimental evolution: developing CPER-based systems, reporter viruses, and replicons for mechanistic studies and rapid hypothesis testing alongside deep mutational scanning approaches for viral evolution experiments.
  • RNA platforms and applications: developing RNA-based technologies, including self-amplifying RNA, RNAi, and dsRNA tools, for vaccines, protein expression, and therapeutics. A particular interest is how RNA sequence design and nucleotide modifications tune stability, activity, and innate immune recognition.

I welcome collaborations aligned with these themes, particularly projects involving small-RNA analysis, phylogenetics, virus discovery and profiling. I collaborate on the development of reverse-genetics systems for positive-sense RNA viruses and, with access to a broad panel of Risk Group 2/3 orthoflaviviruses and alphaviruses, can support hypothesis and compound-testing, including evaluation of RNA delivery formulations, in relevant ex vivo and organoid-based models.

Collaborators

  • Dr. Natalee Newton, SCMB, The University of Queensland — Orthoflavivirus structural diversity and evolution and vaccine antigen design (MRFF EMCR Grant 2023)
  • Dr. Christopher McMillan, SCMB, The University of Queensland — Rational design and development of self-amplifying RNA and RNA therapeutics (NHMRC Ideas Grant 2026)
  • Prof. Alain Kohl, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine — Viral RNAi across diverse arbovirus vector organisms
  • Prof. Esther Schnettler, University of Hamburg/German Centre for Infection Research — Viral RNAi across diverse arbovirus vector organisms
  • Dr. Mary Petrone, University of Sydney — Virus diversity and evolution, particularly of Orthomyxoviridae

Funded projects

  • ARC DECRA (2026–2028): Better RNA: modified nucleotides for next-generation RNA technologies
  • NHMRC Ideas Grant (Chief Investigator (CI) B, 2026–2028): Future RNA therapeutics: a dual-action self-amplifying RNA platform
  • Animal Disease Genomics Initiative, Bioplatforms Australia (2025): Metagenomics of Australian paralysis ticks
  • UQ HERA Collaborate Fund (2025–2026): Self-Optimising saRNA: CRISPR-Based Discovery of Host Restriction Factors in Muscle and Liver Models
  • NHMRC Ideas Grant (CIB, 2025–2028): Lost in translation: why flaviviruses induce cleavage of tRNAs
  • MRFF EMCR Scheme (CI, 2022–2024): Broad-spectrum vaccine design for flaviviruses and henipaviruses

Achievements and awards

  • 2025 Australian Society for Microbiology Early Career Award (Jim Pittard Award)
  • 2025 Early and Mid-Career Researchers Talk Award, HCV-Flavi2025 (Singapore)
  • 2023 Dean’s Award for Outstanding PhD Thesis (UQ)

Featured publications

Parry RH, Yamada KYH, Hood WR, Zhao Y, Lu JY, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Isaacs A. Henipavirus in Northern Short-Tailed Shrew, Alabama, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2025; 31(2):392–394. doi:10.3201/eid3102.241155

Reuter M*, Parry RH*, McFarlane M, Gestuveo RJ, Arif R, Khromykh AA, Brennan B, Varjak M, Castello A, Redecke L, Schnettler E, Kohl A. The PAZ domain of Aedes aegypti Dicer 2 is critical for accurate and high-fidelity size determination of virus-derived small interfering RNAs. RNA 2025; 31(5):679–691. doi:10.1261/rna.080149.124

Parry RH, McMillan CLD, Bruce KL, Farrell HE. Global transcriptional reprogramming by cytomegalovirus infection suppresses MHC class II antigen presentation while enhancing migration machinery in murine dendritic cells. Microbial Genomics 2025; 11(11):001563. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001563

Petrone ME, Parry R, Mifsud JCO, Van Brussel K, Vorhees IEH, Richards ZT, Holmes EC. Evidence for an ancient aquatic origin of the RNA viral order Articulavirales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2023; 120(45):e2310529120. doi:10.1073/pnas.2310529120

Slonchak A, Parry R, Pullinger B, Sng JDJ, Wang X, Buck TF, Torres FJ, Harrison JJ, Colmant AMGC, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA, Tuplin A, Khromykh AA. Structural analysis of 3'UTRs in insect flaviviruses reveals novel determinants of sfRNA biogenesis and provides new insights into flavivirus evolution. Nature Communications 2022; 13:1279. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28977-3

Gestuveo RJ*, Parry R*, Dickson LB, Lequime S, Sreenu VB, Arnold MJ, Khromykh AA, Schnettler E, Lambrechts L, Varjak M*, Kohl A*. Mutational analysis of Aedes aegypti Dicer 2 provides insights into the biogenesis of antiviral exogenous small interfering RNAs. PLoS Pathogens 2022; 18(1):e1010202. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010202

Amarilla AA*, Sng JDJ*, Parry R*, Deerain JM*, Potter JR*, Setoh YX*, Rawle DJ, Le TT, Modhiran N, Wang X, Peng NYG, Torres FJ, Pyke A, Harrison JJ, Freney ME, Liang B, McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Da Costa Guevara DJ, Hardy JM, Bettington M, Muller DA, Coulibaly F, Moore F, Hall RA, Young PR, Mackenzie JM, Hobson-Peters J, Suhrbier A, Watterson D, Khromykh AA. A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses. Nature Communications 2021; 12:3431. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23779-5

Parry R, Gifford RJ, Lytras S, Ray SC, Coin LJM. No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription and integration as the origin of chimeric transcripts in patient tissues [Comment]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2021; 118(33):e2109066118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2109066118

Parry R*, Wille M*, Turnbull OMH, Geoghegan JL, Holmes EC. Divergent influenza-like viruses of amphibians and fish support an ancient evolutionary association. Viruses 2020; 12(9):1042. doi:10.3390/v12091042

Parry R, Asgari S. Discovery of novel crustacean and cephalopod flaviviruses: insights into the evolution and circulation of flaviviruses between marine invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Journal of Virology 2019; 93(14):e00432-19. doi:10.1128/JVI.00432-19

Researcher biography

I am a molecular virologist and ARC DECRA Fellow at the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, where I am Deputy Team Leader of the Infection and Immunity theme. My research focuses on RNA virus evolution, host immunity, and RNA technologies for vaccines and therapeutics, linking four connected themes:

  • Virus discovery and evolution: identifying and characterising novel viruses across diverse hosts using metatranscriptomics, phylogenetics, and comparative genomics, with particular focus on orthoflaviviruses and orthomyxoviruses
  • Host–virus interactions: understanding how innate immune and RNAi pathways shape infection outcomes in mammalian and arthropod systems
  • Reverse genetics: developing CPER-based systems, reporter viruses, and replicons for mechanistic virology and rapid hypothesis testing
  • RNA platforms: engineering self-amplifying RNA to tune stability, expression, and immune sensing for vaccines and therapeutics

I completed my PhD (2016–2021) at UQ's School of Biological Sciences under Prof. Sassan Asgari, where I characterised the virome of Aedes mosquitoes and their interactions with the endosymbiont Wolbachia. In 2021, I joined Prof. Alexander Khromykh's RNA Virology Laboratory at SCMB. There, I contributed to the development of the SARS-CoV-2 CPER reverse-genetics system and have worked routinely with PC3 pathogens, including West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and SARS-CoV-2. In 2026, I commenced an ARC DECRA Fellowship to investigate how modified nucleotides shape RNA structure, immune sensing, and function in next-generation RNA technologies. My current work is funded by the ARC and NHMRC.

I provide bioinformatics and phylogenetics support within UQ and internationally, and welcome collaborations involving small RNA analysis, virus discovery and metatranscriptomics.

I served on the organising committee of MicroSeq (2023–2025), an Australasian conference promoting microbial sequencing research by early-career researchers. I am the Communications Officer for ASM Queensland (2024–) and an incoming Committee of Management member for the Australasian Virology Society (2026–).